Chapter 779: Intermission Talks (7)
Volume 7: World War II · Chapter 80
After finishing his talks with Professor Karl and Reichenau, Li Runshi did not meet with experts from other European countries and instead flew directly to Chennai, India.
Currently, there are six regions in India that have clearly declared independence and established states. There are two Muslim regions: Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian peninsula and the Muslim region in northwest India (the Pakistan region). In the eastern and southern parts of India, which belong to the secondary civilization area of Hinduism, there are three republics. From north to south, they are the Oriya Republic with Kolkata as its capital, the Kakatiya Republic, and the Tamil Republic.
Distinct from the Hindus and Muslims, there are two others: the (Sikh) Punjab Republic and the (Buddhist) Sri Lanka Republic.
Chennai now belongs to the Kakatiya Republic and is located on the border between the Kakatiya Republic and the Tamil Republic. This city is a famous port city in eastern India. Although the Asian Allied Forces' anti-submarine units failed to eliminate British submarines west of India's west coast, in the Bay of Bengal region on the east coast, they have sunk more than thirty British submarines and are able to provide all-around escorts for convoys. At this stage, the Asian Alliance's logistics center on the Indian peninsula is located in Chennai, while the Allied Navy's anti-submarine unit base is in Sri Lanka.
Although Chennai is further north than Sri Lanka, the temperature is equally hot. Li Runshi wore a jacket on the plane, but took it off as soon as he disembarked, revealing short sleeves. The Commander of the India Theater, Yu Cen, who came to welcome him, was also wearing short-sleeved summer military dress. Upon meeting, Yu Cen said, "I really didn't expect Chairman Li to come personally to give guidance."
Li Runshi replied, "I just came to discuss things with Commander Yu, it can't be called guidance."
Yu Cen was about to say a few polite words when he heard Li Runshi continue, "Since I've come to this city of Chennai, I'd actually like to walk around and take a look. When I arrive at a place, if I don't walk through it personally, I feel uneasy in my heart."
Yu Cen felt that Li Runshi probably had a deeper meaning, so he personally accompanied Li Runshi into a military vehicle. The car started and began to drive along the city of Chennai.
Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of southeastern India, sitting on the shores of the Bay of Bengal. This city has played a key role in trade routes across the Bay of Bengal and is nicknamed the "Gateway to South India." It is not only a resting point for merchants journeying from the Spice Islands to the West but also a center of economic and cultural activity.
It was originally a fishing village. In 1639, the British East India Company established a trading post on the north bank of the Cooum River, and the following year built Fort St. George. Thereafter, the city developed around this fort. By 1652, Madras was already the British base for cotton textiles and handicrafts in South India. As overseas trade continued to expand, it was established as a municipality and became the capital of the British Madras Presidency. After 1801, the territory of the Madras Presidency continued to expand westward and northward. The harbor was dredged, and railway, road, and canal transportation were developed. The city expanded accordingly, becoming the political, economic, trade, and transportation center of southern India.
The shops on both sides of the street were mostly open for business, and there was even a feeling of jubilation. This feeling of jubilation might not necessarily be a good thing for a city.
Chennai's chic European-style buildings, ancient Indian temples, banks, restaurants, hotels, and other structures were very luxurious and imposing, but some public facilities were extremely backward. There were no traffic lights at the intersections of the main streets in the urban area. When pedestrians crossed crosswalks, they often competed for the road with horse-drawn carriages, ox-carts, and caravans, easily leading to standoffs and conflicts. Although there were quite a few police officers, apart from standing there with a wooden stick in hand, they were powerless against the crowded flow of people and traffic.
Although the city had a large population, its scale was limited. After just an hour of strolling, Li Runshi ended his cursory tour of Chennai.
Yu Cen was very composed, and he himself hadn't walked much on the streets of Chennai. Now, observing the lives of the Indian people at close range, Yu Cen felt that some things in his thinking were becoming clearer, and his mindset seemed to have broadened considerably.
Upon arriving at the headquarters office, Li Runshi finally said, "Commander Yu, do our troops still regard this place as a foreign country?"
Yu Cen was stunned for a moment, unable to grasp Li Runshi's train of thought. It wasn't that the troops regarded the Indian region as a foreign country, but that the Indian region was indeed a foreign country to China.
Li Runshi continued, "At this stage, it is necessary for us to view the Indian region as a trusteeship region. The future of the Indian region is our responsibility."
"...Wouldn't that turn the troops into a constabulary force?" Yu Cen managed to find the appropriate words.
Li Runshi laughed, "Don't worry about that. Soon, troops from the World People's Liberation Army will come to take over from our troops at the grassroots level. Our troops will mainly be stationed at various strategic points and prepare for continued combat operations. moreover, our political work cadres will also arrive in the Indian region within a very short time."
Yu Cen was somewhat surprised. His biggest feeling after arriving in India was that India was a genuine foreign country. Not only was the language incomprehensible and customs different, but the race was also vastly different. Yu Cen originally didn't quite understand the discomfort in foreign wars, but after truly arriving in a foreign country, he discovered that this discomfort wasn't just in a few points or aspects, but in every aspect.
If China prepared to do very detailed work in India, the problems would be huge!
Yu Cen still used words that were as non-conflicting as possible, "Chairman Li, India is vastly different from Burma, Assam, and the Southeast Asia region!"
"I just came from Southeast Asia, and in this city of Chennai, I felt an exotic atmosphere. It really is vastly different from back home." As Li Runshi spoke, he lit a cigarette and offered one to Yu Cen. Yu Cen shook his head and declined. Li Runshi took a drag and continued, "In Southeast Asia, there are still many Chinese people. Just now in Chennai, I looked around, and we can't possibly have a direct mass base."
"In that case, should we implement such radical policies?" Yu Cen then spoke more plainly.
Li Runshi very much agreed with Yu Cen's concerns. He explained, "It's not about whether we should or shouldn't. It's that we have no other choice! If we don't intervene with full force at this stage, there will be no way to stop the ensuing civil war. We must do this!"
"What does the Chairman think?" Yu Cen asked almost instinctively.
Li Runshi replied, "This is the Chairman's preliminary view. And the Chairman also gave an explanation."
"...I would like to hear the details." Yu Cen asked for instruction. Actually, when Yu Cen heard the decision made by He Rui, he had intended to agree. But because Li Runshi's words contained the word "preliminary," Yu Cen felt he couldn't be completely at ease. He Rui rarely asked comrades to execute preliminary plans; generally speaking, He Rui's pre-war strategies were executed to the end.
As for why a preliminary plan was created this time, Yu Cen's view was that India had too large a population and its internal situation was extremely complex. Even a Great Immortal would have a headache. Although He Rui had extraordinary abilities, it was impossible for him to have a complete plan when facing India.
This matter was exactly as Yu Cen said, and Li Runshi's view was completely identical. Furthermore, Li Runshi began to introduce the Indian liberation movement up to the present.
In December 1920, the Nagpur annual session of the Congress Party adopted the "Non-Violent Non-Cooperation Movement Plan" drafted by Gandhi. From then on, "Non-Violent Non-Cooperation" became the guiding ideology and programmatic strategy of the Congress Party, and Gandhi became the most authoritative spiritual leader of the Congress Party.
He launched and led the vigorous nationwide non-violent non-cooperation movements from 1920 to 1922 and from 1930 to 1934. Gandhi struggled for India's national independence for a long time, fasted more than ten times, and was arrested and imprisoned three times. In the anti-British non-cooperation movement, he practiced what he preached, personally spinning cloth with a hand-cranked spinning wheel to boycott foreign cloth. To oppose the British salt monopoly, he boiled salt together with the masses. He advocated unity between Hindus and Muslims, implemented social reforms and equality of status for women and untouchables, and enjoyed extremely high prestige among the people. Due to class limitations, he opposed violent revolution and adopted a hostile and condemning attitude towards mass struggles that exceeded the scope of "non-violence," even to the point of compromising with the British colonial authorities. However, the non-violent non-cooperation movement he launched had extremely broad mass appeal, dealt a heavy blow to British colonial rule, and laid the foundation for India's independence. Because Gandhi made outstanding contributions to India's independence, he was honored by the Indian people as "Mahatma" and the Father of the Nation.
But He Rui's view on this was a bit caustic. When Li Runshi relayed He Rui's view, he also quite agreed, "Non-violent non-cooperation, the purpose is to increase the cost of British rule in India. The Congress Party's choice was also to be able to fully cooperate with local forces. Rather than calling it non-violent non-cooperation, it would be better to say that the Congress Party is trying to let the Indian people feel that they have other paths to choose from."
Yu Cen didn't quite understand, but he didn't speak either, just took out a cigarette and lit it.
Li Runshi continued his introduction. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, an economic crisis occurred in the capitalist world, affecting India. The Congress Party decided to launch a mass civil disobedience movement initiated by Gandhi.
At the Congress Party's Lahore annual session in 1929, the demand for Indian independence was put forward, authorizing Gandhi to lead the movement.
In January 1930, Gandhi put forward eleven demands. After being rejected by the Viceroy, Gandhi selected the violation of the Salt Act as the start of the movement. On March 12, he led 78 followers from Ahmedabad to the west coast, walking 426 kilometers. Crowds of farmers followed along the way. On April 5, they arrived at the Dandi coast and boiled salt personally, lasting for three weeks. This is known in history as the Salt March. After hearing the news, the authorities suppressed it wantonly. On May 4, Gandhi was arrested, and the nationwide resistance struggle developed into a revolutionary situation. From April to June, anti-British uprisings occurred successively in Chittagong, Peshawar, and Sholapur, resulting in the arrest of nearly 30,000 people.
On March 5, 1931, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (also known as the Delhi Pact) was signed. Both sides compromised, and the Congress Party agreed to stop the movement.
When Li Runshi finished explaining this process, Yu Cen understood a bit, but felt it was very funny, "Has British rule in India really weakened to this extent? Such simple economic fluctuations could cause such a big reaction from Britain?"
Li Runshi explained, "In ancient China, selling private salt could result in beheading. In our Hunan, during the Xiang Army era, the salt tax was an important source of national funds. The Congress Party's actions made Britain feel that the Congress Party might build a new economic system. This is what Britain fears most."
Yu Cen didn't know how to evaluate this. Because Britain's military power in India was extremely fragile, Yu Cen himself truly couldn't make an accurate judgment on the current situation.