文明破晓 (English Translation)

— "This world needs a more advanced form of civilization"

Chinese Exclusion Act Vs Exclusion of Americans Act (19)

Volume 5: International Relations · Chapter 45

On August 5, Capone received a famous American biographer passing through Chicago at the 'Lexington' Hotel. This annoyed the FBI agents, who couldn't help but joke, "Hope Capone writes his crimes into his biography."

Annoyance aside, Capone's exposure to the magnesium lights made his whereabouts easier to determine, and it was convenient for the FBI agents monitoring Capone to concentrate their manpower. The FBI agents didn't notice that Capone's capable lieutenant, Jack McGurn, considered the top Italian hitman, was quietly leaving Chicago, heading south along Capone's bootlegging transport line.

This was a logistics line with very many storage facilities. Liquor restricted by the US Prohibition Act was produced in Canada and moonshine workshops, transported by trucks on highways through territories controlled by local snakes, and reached the American public who were full of desire for alcoholic beverages.

Jack McGurn slept on a bed made of straw in a bootlegging warehouse on the first night. At the same time, representatives of Britain and Japan in Beiping were conducting the third day of talks. The British representative had determined the future strategy of the Japanese Republic. This country, once regarded as balancing the Far East order, had abandoned the traditional strategy of military expansion and decided to follow the path of peaceful development. The traditional Anglo-Japanese Alliance could no longer be maintained.

Britain was already mentally prepared for this. Since Japan had a new policy, the British representative also decisively stated that the British preferential loans to Japan signed previously based on the Anglo-Japanese Alliance would be postponed indefinitely.

It could be seen that although the Japanese side was somewhat disappointed, they were not shaken. After all, Sino-Japanese trade was recovering now. The benefits that Britain's 150 million interest-free advance could bring to Japan were far less than the volume of Sino-Japanese trade. Therefore, the British Cabinet did not expect to rebuild the Anglo-Japanese Alliance targeting China and the Soviet Union. As long as Japan no longer demanded Britain fulfill the preferential treatment given to Japan under the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Britain could consider recognizing the government of the Japanese Republic.

This news couldn't be hidden, and the US government also heard it. Secretary of Commerce Hoover felt somewhat fortunate that he decisively chose to support Secretary of State Frank's view at that time, demanding a compromise with the Democrats as soon as possible. With such a mood, Hoover got out of the car in front of the Roosevelt family residence and walked into this luxurious mansion.

Later generations viewed the Roosevelt family as a famous political family that produced two US presidents. In fact, the Roosevelt family was first and foremost a great wealthy family, and 'Old Money'. The distinction between so-called old money and new money lies in how much land the family owns.

For example, Bill Gates came from the US upper class and was 'new money rich' for more than twenty years. Later, Bill Gates purchased more than 242,000 acres (1088.6 square kilometers) of farmland in 19 US states, as well as 27,000 acres of recreational land and transitional land, totaling nearly 270,000 acres (about 1.63 million mu), equivalent to the land of two New Yorks. Bill Gates finally became an 'Old Money noble'.

As for the Roosevelt family, they were solidly old money nobles for hundreds of years. Bill Gates bought land about the size of two New Yorks. The Roosevelt family was once one of the top landlords in New York. The land of Wall Street in New York belonged to the Roosevelt family.

President (Theodore) Roosevelt died in 1917. The one who invited Hoover this time was Franklin D. Roosevelt. The 45-year-old Franklin D. Roosevelt sat in a wheelchair and was pushed by a servant to welcome Hoover outside the main hall. Roosevelt was originally the future star of the family. However, in August 1921, Franklin D. Roosevelt took his whole family to vacation on Campobello Island. After putting out a forest fire, he jumped into the cold sea water to cool himself down, thus contracting polio and becoming disabled ever since.

But Hoover did not slight Roosevelt because of this. President (Theodore) Roosevelt was also renowned in the Republican Party. Moreover, it was rumored that Roosevelt intended to run for Governor of New York State in the future. The land of Wall Street in New York City was the land of the Roosevelt family, showing how much power the Roosevelt family had in New York State. For such a local tycoon, Hoover had neither the qualification nor the idea to slight him.

Following Roosevelt into the living room, there was already a guest on the sofa inside. The guest's oriental face made Hoover look at him for a moment. The guest also stood up; he was in his early thirties, with a slender figure and refined appearance. Roosevelt introduced this person to Hoover.

Hoover stepped forward to shake hands with this Chinese man named Qin Tingyu, recalling the news he got not long ago in his heart. Of course, Hoover was also very polite, asking how long Qin Tingyu had been in the United States.

"I arrived in the United States a month ago," Qin Tingyu answered. His English was very average, but his gestures were very steady; one look and you could tell he was not a subordinate.

Roosevelt invited the two to sit down. Hoover's secretary sat next to Hoover, while Qin Tingyu's two 'attendants' sat on Qin Tingyu's left and right. One of them was a translator, providing translation work for Qin Tingyu when his English ability was insufficient.

"This Mr. Qin Tingyu is a Chinese merchant," Roosevelt introduced.

Hoover nodded, while Hoover's secretary tried his best to hold back a smile. Not long ago, American merchants in China and Chinese merchants Hoover knew when he was the general manager of Kaiping Mines sent news confirming that this Qin Tingyu in his early thirties was an official of China. Moreover, he was one of the 'cultural instructors' recruited by He Rui in Tianjin in 1915.

This news was not only known to Roosevelt and Hoover; the White House also knew it, which was why Hoover ran to Roosevelt's home in New York. Without exchanging pleasantries, Hoover asked straight to the point, "Mr. Qin, I wonder what expectations you think Chairman He Rui has for Sino-US relations."

Qin Tingyu knew Hoover's purpose was to ask how much authorization He Rui had given him, so he smiled, "I am just a merchant and cannot decide national affairs. From a merchant's perspective, I think Sino-US trade has a history of nearly a century. If the US government abolishes the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Chinese government will also cancel relevant acts reciprocally."

Regarding Qin Tingyu's 'merchant's view', Hoover and Roosevelt naturally filtered out Qin Tingyu's 'merchant identity'. He Rui sent Qin Tingyu as a merchant to avoid trouble. 12 years ago, when He Rui went to the Northeast, Qin Tingyu followed He Rui, being the core of He Rui's trusted followers. Sending a figure like Qin Tingyu could express sincerity.

Hoover continued to ask, "How long will it take?"

"Chinese merchants have a long history. Starting from Tao Zhu Gong (Fan Li), we talk about integrity. I think as long as the US government is willing to go to China for talks, when the specific legal issues hindering Sino-US trade will be resolved can be completely determined in the talks."

Hearing that Qin Tingyu meant the US should take the initiative to send a delegation to China, Hoover was not very happy. But he also felt this request was not excessive. After all, the United States enacted the Chinese Exclusion Act first, so it was reasonable for the United States to send a delegation to China.

At this time, Roosevelt interjected, "What if the United States has abolished the Chinese Exclusion Act before the US delegation sets off?"

"As a merchant, I personally expect that the Chinese government can also give reciprocal goodwill immediately."

Hoover believed Qin Tingyu's answer meant that if the US abolished the Chinese Exclusion Act, China would also abolish the Exclusion of Americans Act immediately. But it was inconvenient to ask this question at this time. Just as Hoover wanted to beat around the bush, he heard Qin Tingyu continue, "In the view of a merchant like me, there are too many agreements to be negotiated between China and the US, such as the 'Agreement on Sino-US Citizen Travel, Migration, and Judicial Cooperation', the 'Sino-US Investment, Trade, and Tariff Package Agreement', and the 'Sino-US Industrial Cooperation and Tariff Adjustment Supplementary Agreement'. If these negotiations still cannot fully determine mutual trust between China and the US, then the 'China-Japan-US Pacific Security and Reinsurance Agreement' can also be discussed. Of course, this is just my view as a merchant."

From the perspective of Secretary of Commerce Hoover, the first few issues of personnel exchanges, judicial cooperation, trade, and tariffs were necessary and required a lot of time for negotiation and bargaining. Hearing the 'China-Japan-US Pacific Security and Reinsurance Agreement', Hoover was truly completely sure that Qin Tingyu was indeed He Rui's special envoy. If Qin Tingyu was just a person coming to communicate with Washington, he would never, and dare not, mention the 'China-Japan-US Pacific Security and Reinsurance Agreement'.

Roosevelt was not as excited as Hoover. Sipping the Wuyi Mountain white tea Qin Tingyu gave him, Roosevelt felt Qin Tingyu was an excellent person. After graduating from college, Roosevelt became a lawyer and specialized in various legal affairs related to the underworld. He met Situ Meitang, the leader of the Chinese-American Chee Kung Tong, and the two established a very good relationship. The Roosevelt family had a big business and always had some shady things to deal with. Various gang forces undoubtedly provided good help to the Roosevelt family.

After meeting Qin Tingyu through Situ Meitang's introduction initially, Roosevelt also mobilized influence in China and easily confirmed Qin Tingyu's identity. But no matter how Roosevelt tried to get information, Qin Tingyu, this 30-year-old young man, always let Roosevelt's attempts die without illness very appropriately. Now meeting Hoover, a star within the Republican Party who might run for the next president, Qin Tingyu explained the He Rui government's thoughts clearly and expounded with an unhurried attitude. This made Roosevelt evaluate the He Rui government very highly.

The He Rui government's diplomatic operation of turning clouds into rain especially made Roosevelt admire it. Wanting to enter politics after being disabled, the challenge faced was immense. Moreover, Roosevelt was already 45 years old this year. Entering politics at this time, Roosevelt's goal was not just a Governor of New York State. Through the news brought by Qin Tingyu, Roosevelt personally felt He Rui's ambitious ambition. Such a Chinese leader would definitely not be a person content with the status quo.

Hoover's feeling was different from Roosevelt's. He felt the He Rui government's political sensitivity was quite high. According to the US government organizational structure, the Secretary of State is responsible for foreign affairs. It would be most logical for He Rui's special envoy to meet the Secretary of State. But the He Rui government sent 'a merchant', so naturally, he could meet Hoover, the US Secretary of Commerce, first.

In the judgment of the He Rui government, President Coolidge very likely would not participate in the next presidential election. Because of this meeting, Hoover would become the person to convey the He Rui government's attitude to President Coolidge. With the current attitude of the US government, the Chinese Exclusion Act must be abolished. That is to say, as Secretary of Commerce, Hoover made a contribution in diplomacy. This is a bet, and also a release of goodwill.

Plus the previous dinner with the US Speaker of the House, although Hoover didn't get carried away, he felt very good in his heart.

After steadying his mind, Hoover asked, "Does the Chinese government intend to cooperate with the United States in broader fields, including the military field?"

Qin Tingyu smiled and said, "I am just a merchant; I cannot know these. I also have no ability to make judgments on this."

Hoover roughly determined that the authorization Qin Tingyu obtained was only this much. Of course, obtaining authorization to such an extent was already quite remarkable. Even if the US Secretary of State negotiated with China, the authorization he could get would be just this much, or maybe even not this much.

The subsequent conversation was very relaxed. Qin Tingyu said what should be said very thoroughly, but not a single word of what shouldn't be said. This 30-year-old young official of the He Rui government left a very deep impression on Hoover.

After dinner that evening, Hoover took the train from New York to Washington. Lying on the sleeper, Hoover combed through the content of how he should report to President Coolidge repeatedly several times before falling asleep.

At 6 o'clock the next morning, Hoover appeared at the White House. President Coolidge received Hoover in his pajamas. After quietly listening to Hoover's report, Coolidge asked, "Is this person's identity credible?"

Hoover answered immediately, "I have confirmed it, and since the Roosevelt family is willing to come forward for him, they should have also confirmed it."

President Coolidge was basically relieved. Before the US government decided to abolish the Chinese Exclusion Act, it must determine the reaction of the Chinese side. If there was no such communication, once the US abolished the Chinese Exclusion Act but China didn't, this administration would have created an unprecedented major scandal for the United States, truly losing all national dignity.

With the news brought by the special envoy of the He Rui government, things were easy to handle. Just as President Coolidge was thinking, the secretary outside the door knocked and entered, "Mr. President, the Secretary of State and the National Security Advisor have arrived."

After these two entered and saw Hoover was already there, there was a suppressed unhappiness in their expressions, which they tried their best to pretend was calm. Hoover could imagine the mood of these two, so he didn't mind. When President Coolidge asked Hoover to recount the content of the meeting to the two, their expressions became somewhat colorful when they heard the content of the "China-Japan-US Pacific Security and Reinsurance Agreement".

Hoover was greatly satisfied in his heart and let the matter go. Secretary of State Frank was also a calm person; after a moment of excitement, he quickly returned to working state. He asked, "Mr. President, should we talk to the Democrats?"

At this time, the alarm clock by Democratic Representative O'Hara's bed rang. Half a minute later, Representative O'Hara raised his arm, found the stop button on top of the alarm clock, and pressed it. The alarm stopped. Turning over, Representative O'Hara covered his head with a summer quilt. Half a minute later, he lifted the summer quilt and sat up from the bed.

The young woman sharing the bed turned over, wanting to continue sleeping. Representative O'Hara patted the young woman's buttocks a few times, "Jennifer, make me a cup of coffee."

The young woman got up groaning, rubbing her eyes reluctantly and walking towards the kitchen. Representative O'Hara lay on the bed and started smoking to refresh himself as soon as possible.

Up to now, as a hardliner in the Democratic Party, Representative O'Hara had united some representatives to express firm opposition. At least, O'Hara's reason was, 'The Republicans only agreed to one of the three proposals; this is not enough. At least two must be passed.'

But Representative O'Hara also knew very well that his request was excessive. But Representative O'Hara had no choice; the political legacy he inherited was the congressman who promoted the Chinese Exclusion Act back then. So he had to be worthy of this inheritance. Suddenly, Representative O'Hara felt his left eyelid start to twitch for some reason.