文明破晓 (English Translation)

— "This world needs a more advanced form of civilization"

Double Front: Law and War (17)

Volume 4: Peace and Development · Chapter 127

The oath-taking venue of the Asian International Tribunal was located in the newly built headquarters of the Asian International Tribunal. Due to limited time, a 4-story building was constructed using a reinforced concrete frame model based on the concept of 'sturdy, practical, and fast completion.'

The emblem of the Asian International Tribunal hung in the oath-taking hall. He Rui never felt any shame in borrowing other people's wisdom; the emblem adopted the United Nations emblem from another space-time.

A map of the world representing an azimuthal equidistant projection centered on the North Pole. The pattern is supported by a wreath of crossed gold olive branches, set against a light blue background with white water areas. The projection range of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and the latitude lines consist of five concentric circles.

Every oath-taker, as well as observers of the Asian International Tribunal, wore a unique Asian International Tribunal chest badge. The oath-takers made their own oaths following Zhao Tianlin, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Asian International Tribunal.

'I swear that I will follow the civilization and justice of all mankind, and fight against barbarism and evil. I will adopt views that I believe are beneficial to mankind, without discrimination based on religion, nationality, race, politics, or status, and dedicate my knowledge and judgment to the whole human society without discrimination. Even in the face of threats, my knowledge will never violate humanity.

I hereby solemnly and independently swear the above oath with my personality.'

After the oath, He Rui applauded first. Immediately, applause rang out from the observing crowd. Some people, such as the Hungarian Foreign Minister who had arrived in China, applauded particularly loudly, while the British personnel seemed very helpless when applauding.

He Rui did not want to steal the show. He had to come this time, but only to come. Led by Professor Zhao Tianlin, the group of sworn legal experts walked along the aisle in the middle of the observer seats towards the gate of the Asian International Tribunal. When the legal experts passed by, all observers of unusual status stood up and applauded the legal experts walking in the aisle. Some people even cheered, expressing their respect to these warriors about to set foot on the battlefield and braves about to charge at the devil.

During the oath, the gate of the oath-taking hall was closed to the outside. At this time, the guards opened the gate, and the legal experts passed through the hall and walked out of the building gate. The steps outside the gate were already crowded with people, and the guards tried hard to keep the enthusiastic crowd outside. In the front row were reporters, holding cameras and video cameras in their hands. Seeing the legal experts walk out, they struggled forward, wanting to get first-hand news from these experts.

Professor Zhao Tianlin stood in front of the podium above the steps and announced loudly to the crowd below the steps, "The personnel participating in the Asian International Tribunal have completed the oath ceremony. The trial officially begins. The committee will inform the outside world of the latest process news according to the previous regular releases, and also welcomes others to supervise our work and make suggestions."

After Zhao Tianlin finished speaking, the guards slightly relaxed the blocking of the crowd. Reporters swarmed up the steps and began to ask questions to this group of legal experts.

French reporters surrounded the French legal expert Professor Louis, "Professor, what do you think about the official start of the trial?"

Professor Louis pushed his glasses. "In the oath, we no longer represent the interests of various countries, but the civilization and justice of mankind. However, the concept of justice created by our French civilization is not unique to our France, but a model for the entire human civilization. My work is not to seek benefits for the French Republic, but to spread this concept of civilization to the entire human civilized society. I believe that human civilization will definitely make greater progress through understanding France."

German reporters asked the same question to Professor Junker of the Berlin Law School. Professor Junker looked serious and calm, "The rational spirit of German civilization has always guided Germany forward. I will devote myself to this trial with Germany's serious and earnest rationalist thinking, so that the crime receives a trial consistent with human civilization and justice."

Mitsuko was the chief representative of the Japanese reporter group. She walked up to Professor Taira Toyomori, "Your Excellency, the content published by the Asian International Tribunal shows that you are the convener of the Economic Reparations Committee. Besides this position, have you been appointed to other new duties?"

Professor Taira Toyomori smiled and replied to the Japanese reporters, "The Asian International Tribunal is an academic institution. There are no appointments in this institution, but a nomination system is adopted. So far, I have only passed the nomination of the Economic Reparations Committee."

"What does this economic reparation cover?" Mitsuko hurriedly pursued.

"Economic reparation is an economic assessment of the losses caused by the massacre. Since the Asian International Tribunal does not have jurisdiction over Britain, the assessment is more of an academic discussion and academic innovation. I can only state two points now. First, the ANZAC Corps must compensate the massacred people and their families. Second, the Chinese government provided a large amount of advance payment for the operation of the Asian International Tribunal to pay for the travel and accommodation expenses of legal experts from various countries to China. After the war ends, this part of the expenses should be borne by Britain."

Many Japanese reporters were somewhat stunned, while other reporters laughed out loud. For reporters, they could understand that there was no principled error in this view, but from a realistic perspective, this view was indeed a bit funny.

Mitsuko continued to ask, "Your Excellency, what kind of Japan do you think the world can see in this trial?"

Professor Taira Toyomori replied frankly, "We Japanese legal professionals will definitely let the whole world see Japan's views and research on justice and righteousness [Giri], and show Japan's understanding of civilization and justice to the whole world."

Reporters from various countries interviewed legal experts from their own countries first, and then began to interview legal experts from other countries. Countries with strong industrial strength like Britain, France, and the United States, reporters set up wireless relay systems to transmit information back to their own countries as soon as possible. Within an hour, the interview content was sent back to these countries and disseminated through radio stations.

American newspapers and media expressed considerable dissatisfaction with China in these few months because China not only organized the Asian International Tribunal to try the ANZAC Corps but also criticized the barbaric nature of American genocide condescendingly. Although in terms of wording and phrasing, the Asian International Tribunal's modest words and phrasing were very elegant, the content announced in such elegant language was very sharp: 'Because of its low level of civilization, the United States is not qualified to participate in the Asian International Tribunal organized by the civilized world.'

After suffering such contempt, the American public who felt insulted showed considerable dissatisfaction with China and the Chinese. Therefore, in cities like New York where Chinatowns existed, police stations received orders that if there were attacks on the minority Chinese in the United States, American police needed to maintain order. Ensure the personal safety and property safety of Chinese people.

Because of the "Chinese Exclusion Act," the number of Chinese in the United States was small, and they could only engage in very marginalized professions. So Chinese people lived together in cities. When angry Americans who felt insulted began to gather outside Chinatown and began to curse at the Chinese who closed their doors and windows, the police moved out.

In the past, when American police moved out, it was to blackmail, extort, and beat Chinese people. Now the eyes of this group of police looking at the Chinese were still unkind, but American police had to shoulder the responsibility of protecting the Chinese.

European reporters had long been prepared for interviews. Some of them rented houses inside or outside Chinatown, holding cameras ready to shoot.

Sure enough, although the American police stared at the white mob, they did not implement dispersal. Seeing signs that the gathered white people were dispersing, the police also evacuated. Just then, several groups of white people joined the ranks of angry American whites who had not completely dispersed. Seeing that there were few police left, the newly arrived white people carried sticks and stones and attacked Chinatown.

European reporters immediately became excited. They constantly took photos of the mob smashing glass with stones and attacking Chinese people with sticks. Reporters might sympathize with the experience of Chinese Americans, but what excited reporters more was that they got big news.

In the past, mobs attacking Chinese people would not be stopped by the police. American police would regard this kind of beating as a pastime, often waiting until the attack ended before going up to kick the Chinese a few times and taking the Chinese Americans to the police station for fines.

Even American police with a sense of justice would not participate in the beating and attack, but would say something like 'Chinks get out of America.'

But this time, the American police actually turned back to maintain order, which surprised the American mobs accustomed to bullying Chinese people. Although these guys who bullied the weak and feared the strong dared not beat those police who wore guns and shot frantically at police assailants. But they didn't think they had to leave. The white mob expressed that they had no malice towards the American police while asking in confusion, "Why can't we beat the Chinese?"

To their surprise, the American police actually told these white people to 'get lost quickly.' Wise men do not fight when the odds are against them; the white mob indeed dispersed again. Seeing this, European reporters wrote news reports while preparing to shoot the next attack by American mobs against Chinese Americans.

The judgment of European reporters was correct. When the police dispersed again, the white mob suddenly gathered again and began to act. However, the mob indeed felt some different feelings from before, so they adopted a quick-fix method this time. Beating, smashing, looting, and burning became 'beating, smashing, burning.'

Glass windows were smashed, Chinese men and women were beaten, and houses were set on fire. After the white mob finished, they evacuated immediately. Before the police arrived, they ran away without a trace.

But all these were faithfully recorded by cameras and sent to Europe at the fastest speed. On April 6, this news was published in European newspapers. Since the film needed to be developed and could not be transmitted at the speed of light like radio, even if sent on the fastest ship departing from the US East Coast port to Europe, it would take several days to arrive. So after reporting the news of the start of violent anti-Chinese activities in the United States with gloating, European newspapers added a paragraph, 'News photos of violent anti-Chinese activities in the United States will be published in N days.'

Especially the British media was very active in this regard. Everyone was in the media business and knew very well that the best way to divert a big news story was to create another bigger news story. Currently, China undoubtedly stood at the center of the world media. So use the news of the start of violent anti-Chinese activities in the United States to drive China down from the center of world news media.

The US President at this time was John Calvin Coolidge. The White House advisory team and the American academic circle had suggested to President Coolidge to prevent attacks on Chinese people. These elites had noticed that if the Chinese side just 'slandered' the United States as a barbaric, uncivilized country full of racism and genocide, and the United States immediately erupted in violent attacks and even massacres against the already small number of Chinese, and the US government turned a blind eye to such actions and was completely unable to stop them. That would confirm that the United States was not qualified to call itself a civilized country.

President Coolidge was the 30th President of the United States, and he naturally had enough understanding of the United States. Regarding the essence of the United States, President Coolidge actually didn't think there was any problem with the Chinese accusation. The United States was a barbaric country full of racial discrimination and happy to commit genocide.

So President Coolidge was helpless about the suggestions of these elites. The federal system of the United States determined that there was no subordinate relationship between the governors of various US states and the US President. Let alone removing a governor, the US President couldn't even remove a mayor. Since the voters elected their own government, only the voters could remove the elected government officials.

If the President wants governors to make decisions in the national interest and earnestly implement them. For example, to truly protect Chinese Americans at this crucial moment, support from the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress is needed. Otherwise, even if the presidential order is issued to various states, the governors of various states do not have to execute it.

There is another problem. The US federal system determines that the United States can only react to what has already happened. The President has no way to issue preventive orders for things that haven't happened in the United States. However, the United States was currently in the era of Coolidge Prosperity, and President Coolidge was very popular, so President Coolidge, who came from the Republican Party, still made some preparations through Republican connections.

The US Republican Party in 1925 was a relatively reformist northern party, while the Democratic Party was a conservative party dominated by southern states. Most Chinese lived in the northern United States, so President Coolidge felt that since he had greeted them, nothing big should happen.

In terms of the barbaric tradition of the United States, attacks on Chinatown could not be considered a big deal. But the White House and the American academic circle had keenly discovered that the European media was adding fuel to the fire, wanting to publicize such a matter into a big event.

Early in the morning of April 7, President Coolidge woke up. The US Secretary of State and the Republican whips of both houses had arrived at the White House. President Coolidge was woken up; although his clothes were neat, his spirit was listless. Drowsiness made President Coolidge feel unable to concentrate.

President Coolidge's Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg was a senator and a famous lawyer. Seeing the President listless, the worried Secretary of State Kellogg chose a very stimulating speech, "Mr. President, if we cannot effectively deal with this crisis, the international image we built at such a great cost in the European War is likely to come to naught."

Hearing international image, the Senate Whip looked a bit disdainful. Just some Chinese Americans getting beaten; how could it destroy the international image of the United States? Chinese people were not discriminated against only now, but had been discriminated against and persecuted for a hundred years.

Before the Senate Whip could speak, the House Whip laughed, "Will China declare war on the United States?"

The US Senate is the House of Elders; Senators are all highly respected and powerful people in various states. The House of Representatives is the House of the People, elected according to population proportion. In terms of voter proportion, that small number of Chinese Americans was meaningless in the eyes of House members. There was absolutely no reason to offend the vast number of voters for the persecution of Chinese.

President Coolidge became a bit spirited after hearing this. He somewhat understood Secretary of State Kellogg's view. The United States was originally a nouveau riche in the eyes of the European public. The Chinese government accused the United States of being very barbaric, engaging in a massacre against blacks in 1921, and now anti-Chinese actions occurred. The image of the United States in the eyes of Europe would become a barbaric nouveau riche.

So President Coolidge said, "Now the scale of cities is expanding rapidly, and the urban population is exploding. Every city faces the problem of insufficient police force. We can't use the National Guard to protect the Chinese! Kellogg, this takes time!"

Kellogg nodded, but told history to the Republican whips of both houses. Through its efforts in the European War and its strong national power, the United States harvested the results of the *Washington Naval Treaty*. In the Washington Naval Treaty, the United States possessed the same share of naval ratio as Britain. Since then, the United States became a world naval power and possessed strength recognized by the world powers.

"Gentlemen, if Chinese people are massacred and the federal government is powerless to deal with it. The European public's view of the United States will return to the level before the Civil War. At that time, the United States was a country where slavery was legal."

The whips of both houses were fully capable of understanding this, but their perspective was different from that of the Secretary of State presiding over diplomacy. The current United States was in the era of 'Coolidge Prosperity.' The two whips knew very well that the Coolidge administration advocated small government politically and was famous for classical liberal conservatism. In terms of government functions, it implemented policies of saving government spending, tax cuts, and unrestricted support for the development of large private enterprises. This governing philosophy of small government cutting government undoubtedly weakened urban security construction, resulting in a shortage of police.

Moreover, the United States had the *Chinese Exclusion Act*. If national resources were spent specifically to protect Chinese people, such actions would be opposed by both houses of Congress. In this regard, President Coolidge's own view was the way to conform to the domestic political situation in the United States.

Seeing that the international vision of the two whips was so short-sighted, Secretary of State Kellogg simply made it clear, "Gentlemen, if the US government completely ignores trade with China, we can certainly ignore the new round of anti-Chinese activities. If the United States still wants to enter the Chinese market, the anti-Chinese actions in the United States must be terminated. I personally suggest that if you two gentlemen want to discuss this matter in the Senate and House of Representatives, you might as well propose this view to the members."

Hearing the Secretary of State link domestic anti-Chinese activities with Sino-US trade, the two whips fell silent temporarily. President Coolidge felt that things were indeed somewhat unexpected. He certainly supported the United States expanding Sino-US trade, so he asked, "Kellogg, do you think the He Rui government will restrict Sino-US trade?"

Secretary of State Kellogg answered decisively, "Mr. President, I hope not. But the He Rui government is completely different from previous Chinese governments. I think he might take actions that surprise us greatly."